Thursday, September 30, 2010

利用“开番”来致富

有一位刚刚就业的大学生告诉我,年轻人都是穷困的,几乎每个人都是负翁,因为大家都有PTPN的债务要还,汽车的贷款要供,努力工作的目的只是为了脱离负翁的行列而已,没有人敢想象自己将来可以成为百万富翁。

他感叹地说:我们这里的薪水实在是太低了,在香港,麦当劳的员工每月的薪水都有8千港币(约合马币4千令吉),而大马的大学毕业生只有2千多令吉的月薪而已。比较之下,真的让人怀疑,政府是否有能力使大马成为高收入的国家。

整体而言,大马要成为高收入的国家,的确是困难,但是个人而言,要脱离穷困,迈入有钱人的行列还是有机会的。

只要懂得储蓄和投资,不管薪水有多低,尽量减少无谓的开支,尽量把储蓄下来的钱投入会增值的资产上面,致富还是有机会的。

储蓄和投资是要两者并重的,缺一不可。

很多人都以为财富的累积是靠“加法”,一路,一路的加上去。

例如:1,2,3,4,5……..如此这样的加上去。



其实财富的累积是靠“乘法”,一路,一路的乘上去。

例如:1,2,4,8,16………如此这样的乘上去。



人们有错误的观念是因为已经习惯了 “人赚钱”,所以就以为只有付出劳力去工作,然后努力的储蓄,财富就会一点一滴的累积出来。

通过打工来赚钱,每年所增加的数目都是根据所储蓄的数额来计算,所以财富的累积就是用加法。



其实,正确的致富方法是靠“钱赚钱”,而钱赚钱就是投资,通过投资,每年所增加的数额都是根据回酬率来计算,所以财富的累积就是用乘法。



用乘法来累积财富当然比用加法来得快了,这就是钱赚钱比人赚钱来得快的理由。



把钱拿去投资就是钱赚钱。

投资的钱增加了一倍就是开了一个番,这就是所谓的资本开番。

开番讲究的是时间,越短就越好。



想要致富就要懂得让资本开番,而资本的大小并不不是重点,重点在于速度,开番的速度。



这就是复利的奥妙:

一千开十番就变成一百万。

一万开十番就变成一千万。



一千或一万都不是大数目,每个人都会有,这是事实。

而百万或千万却是每个人的奋斗目标和梦想。

事实和梦想的距离只是十个番而已。

只要做得到十个番,梦想就是事实了。

详解如下:

次数
本钱

开始
1万

第一番
2万

第二番
4万

第三番
8万

第四番
16万

第五番
32万

第六番
64万

第七番
128万

第八番
256万

第九番
512万

第十番
1024万


如果开一番费时3年,那么开十番也只是30年的时间而已。

十番绝对是神奇的!因为1万变成千万只需要十个番而已!

奇怪,是谁需要千万,年轻人的目标不是百万吗?

我问这位刚刚就业的大学生:如果起点是六万,达到百万需要几个番?

他想了一下就回答:4 个番!

如果他不买那辆价值6万的新车,他要成为百万只需要4个番。

原来他的梦想还是有机会实现,只要懂得让钱财开番就可以了。


from: http://cforum1.cari.com.my/viewthread.php?tid=1790071&extra=page%3D1&page=1

赚钱和有钱没有直接的关系

赚钱的方法主要有三个

第一个方法是最普遍的,那就是帮人家打工赚取薪水,几乎每个踏入社会的年轻人都是从这条路开始,有的人是一份工打一辈子,一直做到退休为止,教师就是一个例子。有的人是一路做就一路换,别的老板给的待遇更好,就跳槽了。这是水往低处流,人往高出爬的心态,无可厚非,不过,把追求高薪当作奋斗的目标,结局还是一样,就是做到退休为止,退休之前的时间是属于别人的。所以,以自由度为考量,这算是层次比较低的赚钱方法。

第二个方法的难度比较高,因为它需要有一纸的证书,自己执业的医生,律师就是很好的例子。这个赚钱方法不靠被人,只靠自己,因为自己就是老板,所以时间是掌握在自己的手上,比起帮人家打工,算是比较好的了,不过,还是有一点不足之处,那就是手停口就停,虽然不必强制性的退休,但是,还是受到体能的限制。

第三个方法是做生意,自己做老板,这个方法不需要看文凭,没有受到学历的限制,只看自己的本事。如果本事大,小生意可以变成大生意,如果本事小,一辈子就是小生意。不管是大生意或小生意,时间是掌握在自己的手上,以自由度来看,这是层次比较高的赚钱方法。

以上三种方法,那一个赚钱比较多?

没有一定的标准,有的人只是帮人家打工,就可以领取百万的年薪,有的人自己做生意,却穷困潦倒。举个例子:大众银行的总裁领取的年薪高达500万令吉,试问有几个生意人可以做得到呢?

当然,大众银行的老板郑鸿标绝对比他的总裁赚更多的钱,但是,他是超级的有钱人,是个大富豪,不可同日而言。

不过,郑鸿标也是白手起家的,他是从打工仔变成老板,然后成为有钱人,再成为超级有钱人,然后才是大富豪。他是从低层次的赚钱方法,慢慢转化为高层次的赚钱方法,然后一飞冲天,成为人上人。

那么,赚钱和有钱是怎么一回事,怎样才能成为一个有钱人?

其实,赚钱和有钱没有直接的关系。

每个人都懂得赚钱,但是,赚大钱却不是成为有钱人的保证。

如何应用赚来的钱才是关键之处,懂得把钱投入会增值的资产才是重点。

很多赚大钱的人无法晋升为有钱人,只是因为把太多的钱花在会贬值的资产上面。

有的人月入万元,衣着讲究,满身名牌,出入用漂亮的房车,进出高级的餐厅, 外表看起来就像个有钱人,不错,只是像个有钱人而已,而不是真正的有钱人。

他们无法成为有钱人就是因为把太多的钱花在会贬值的物品上面,名牌奢侈品,汽车等等都是会贬值的资产,把所赚到的钱都消费在这些物品和服务上面,穷一生的努力也是无法成为真正的有钱人。

真正的有钱人是那些拥有可观的存款,股票,房子等等能够保值又增值的资产的人士。总结一句话:要晋升为有钱人,就得尽量持有会增值的资产。

from: http://cforum1.cari.com.my/viewthread.php?tid=1790071&extra=page%3D1&page=1

股票投资风险有多高?

from: 冷眼分享集


出自《冷眼分享集》
提到股票投资,一般人的反应是:股市是赌场,风险很高。
再询问你身边买过股票的人,你会发现,之八九亏本,赚钱的不到十之一,二。
更使人好奇的是:既然如此,何以仍有人前仆后继?
我想股市的魅力,就是在它的变幻莫测,越难以捉摸的东西,吸引力越大。在股市中,每一个交易都是一个挑战,每一次的交易,盈亏都是个未知数,就好像进入赌场的人,有下注就有赢钱的希望一样,所以,尽管明知十赌九输,仍乐此不倦。
我曾经询问在股市中投机的朋友,屡战屡败,何以仍不离开股市,他们也无法解释。
更令人感到惊奇的是:在股市中失手的,不少是受过高等教育的专业人士,他们在专业的岗位上,精明能干,但进入股市,总是铩羽而归,似乎知识并无助于提高胜算。
跟别的投资管道,尤其是购买房地产相比,股票投资的风险,肯定比较高,有多高?我的答案是:不会比做生意的风险更高。
在“买股票就是买股份”一文中,我已经说得很清楚:买股票就是买公司的股份,买进一家公司的股份,就是投资于有关公司。很明显的,购买股份的风险,就等于有关公司的生意的风险。
如果说买股票没有风险的话,那是痴人说梦话。大家都知道,做生意一定会面对风险。有赚无亏的生意,少之又少,即使用,当所有的人趋之若鹜时,这门生意的竞争激烈了,赚率会逐步下降,最后那些管理不当或资金不够雄厚的业者,会面对亏蚀,最后是被淘汰,优胜劣败,在商场中尤其明显。
既然买股份就是跟数以万计的陌生人合股做生意,则股份的风险,其实就等于生意的风险。
所以,买股票的风险,不会比直接做生意的风险更高。因为你的股份所代表的就是企业的业务。
企业经营成功,你的股份的价值跟着上升,企业经营失败,你的股份的价值跟着贬值。如果是企业一蹶不振,就好像整百家被列为PN4的公司那样,股份的价值可能是一文不值。
不过,在有限公司下,作为小股东,“O”是你的亏蚀的极限,即使公司的资产沦为负数,也不至于连累你。
假如你是直接做生意,是私人有限公司的大股东,银行要你对贷款,提供个人担保的话,当公司负债高过资产时,你仍无法脱身。作为小股东,你所承担的风险,实际上比私人公司或合股企业的大股东更低。
股份(我不喜欢用“股票”两个字,因为容易误导人)的价值,既然是决定于公司的成败,或是决定于生意的成败,则作为小股东,只要选择购买生意成功的公司的股份,自然而然的就可以赚到钱,其理至明,看起来非常简单,照理是在股市赚钱并不是困难的事,为什么那么多人亏本?
我想主要的原因为:
①大部份人在买进时,根本对有关公司的基本面--业务、结构、盈利、管理层结构、财务情况、前景等等,一无所知。他们在买进时,只关心有关股票会不会被炒起,公司的好坏,对他们来说,并不重要。对他们来说,会涨价的就是好股,不会涨价,好股有何用?
他们根本没有参股的念头,他是在买赌桌上的筹码,所以常常买进没有前途的公司的股票,股票价值不断下降,怎能赚钱。
②高价买进劣股,后果自然是悲惨的。在购买股份时,即使是好的公司,如果售价太高,也很难赚钱,何况是高价买进坏股?大家千万不要忘记,投资赚钱与否,跟你的成本息息相关,成本太高,即使是好的公司的股份,也要很长的时间才能赚回来钱,何况是买坏股?
参加私人公司的股份,或是自己做生意,你从事的是一个行业,更准确的是一个行业中的一家公司,你是孤注一掷,如果生意失败,你将失去一切。
购买上市公司的股份,你可以进行多元化投资。在大马股票交易所上市的公司多达950家,只要你腾出一点业余的时间,进行研究,严加选择,你总可以从中选出十家八家有成长潜能的公司,把资金分散在十家不同行业的公司,其风险肯定比投注于一家公司的风险为低。
因为,股票投资的风险,不应比直接投资于生意来得更高。
从以上的分析,我们可以得出结论:
①股票投资的风险,源自企业的失败,叫“企业风险”。
②来自股价的下跌--买价太高。高价买好股,尚且难赚钱;何况高价买劣股。
我在“30年股票投资心得”一书中所提出的“冷眼方程式--反向+成长+时间=财富”,就是治本之道。
凡是投资,都有风险,股票投资的风险是无法避免的,就好像做生意无法避免风险一样。但若坚守冷眼方程式,循正道而行,可减低风险。

借钱买股票

富时指数又突破了1300点,有一位年轻的朋友雀跃万分,因为去年三月他用三块多的价钱买进的顶级手套,一年后的今天已经突破了十三块,他的纸上盈利已经是一万令吉了。

他问我:股票增值的速度比房地产还要厉害,既然我们可以借钱来买房地产,那么,是否也可以借钱来买股票呢?

他计算过了,如果去年他敢借三万多令吉来买十张顶级手套,今天他就已经净赚了十万令吉。

根据这个逻辑,借钱买股票的确是很吸引人。但是,借钱买股票就是投机,而投机的风险却是难于估计的,就让我讲一则发生在1997年的故事。

1997年初,股市进入疯狂的大牛市,综合指数再次的靠近了1300点,第二交易版的股票更是疯狂,全版的股票竟然没有一只是低过十令吉的价位。

那时候,随便买就随便赚,几乎每个人都赚大钱,去到那里都听到有人高谈阔论股票,人人都成了股票专家。

银行和股票行也大开方便之门,鼓励投资者使用按金户口 (margin account) 来投机,当时的按金户口是提供一对一的便利,借钱给客户去买股票。

有一位资深的投资者,他的投资方法很保守,多年来只是靠投资蓝筹股就给他赚了好多钱,但是,这次的大牛市和以前有很大的不同,他投资的大蓝筹股,比如马银行,马电信,国能等等, 它们的涨幅却远远不如那些第二版的股票。

看到别人投机都赚大钱,而自己的投资却是赚不多,他也忍不住诱惑去开了一个按金户口。他把手上价值200万的蓝筹股都存入户口作为抵押,然后借钱来投机第二版的股票,为了谨慎起见,他不敢动用全部200万的信贷便利,只是动用其中的50万来投机而已。

他认为这样做肯定是很安全了,因为就算股市大跌一半,综合指数从1300点跌到650点,他的按金户口也可以平安无事,而且他也绝不相信综合指数会暴跌到650点,所以他就放胆的去投机了。

但是,人算不如天算,他怎样也想不到,1997年中爆发的金融风暴会这么的恐怖,股票竟然可以暴跌八九成,连蓝筹股撑腰的综合指数也会从1300点大跌到260点。风暴来袭的时候,股市节节败退,第二版的股票跌到粉身碎骨,连带蓝筹股也暴跌了八九成,他的按金户口终于告急了,股票行催债的电话响个不停,他只好四处张罗去填这无底洞,但是还是无济于事。

最后,当按金户口里的股票价值跌到只剩五十万时,股票行就悉数把它们砍掉用来抵债,清偿了五十万的债务之后,他的两百多万也跟着泡汤了。

他的惨痛经验看起来很可怕,但是,在当时却是很普遍,几乎每个有玩按金户口的股友都经历了相同惨况,不管你的投资额是多少,只要你敢借钱来买股票,结局都是一样的:全军覆没。

还记得有一位股友感叹地说了一句:记得告诉子孙们,千万不可玩margin

这就是借钱买股票的可怕。



From: http://cforum1.cari.com.my/viewthread.php?tid=1790071&extra=page%3D1&page=2

Thursday, September 9, 2010

REITs: Expanding portfolios

This article appeared in The Edge Financial Daily, September 8 2010.
The Mines is one of three shopping malls owned by CMMT. Photo by Kenny Yap
Locally listed real estate investment trusts (REITs) appear to be on an expansionary path with quite a few announcing new asset acquisitions, so far this year. This is positive for the sector in terms of attracting more investment funds on the back of a larger asset base and improved liquidity.

Malaysian REITs in general still offer fairly good yields, estimated to range from 6% to 8.4%, with a simple average of about 7.5%.

Enlarging asset base
Among the latest to announce new acquisitions is Amanah Raya REIT (ARREIT). The trust has proposed to buy three properties from PKNS for a total of RM270 million. The properties would then be leased back to the latter under a 12-year agreement, thus ensuring full occupancy for the duration.

The purchase will be partially financed by the issuance of some 122.7 million new trust units, priced at 88 sen per unit. Total units in circulation will increase from the existing 573.2 million to 695.9 million.

This latest proposal is the trust’s second acquisition this year. Earlier in May, ARREIT completed the purchase of two properties — Selayang Mall and Dana 13 — worth a collective RM227 million.

Upon completion of this latest proposed acquisition, total assets will rise to RM1.27 billion from the current RM995.8 million. Currently, its portfolio consists of 15 properties in the hospitality, higher education, commercial and industrial segments.
Meanwhile, Axis-REIT is also aiming to boost its asset base over the RM1 billion mark by the end of this year. The trust has already completed the acquisition of two logistic warehouses in Seberang Prai for RM26.5 million in 1Q10 and is currently in the midst of finalising the purchase of four other properties worth RM240 million.

Upon completion, targeted by October 2010, Axis-REIT’s asset base will reach RM1.2 billion. The trust is further evaluating potential acquisitions valued at some RM190 million including logistic and retail warehouses in Johor and an office building in Cyberjaya.

To part-finance the new purchases, Axis-REIT will be issuing some 68.8 million new units priced at RM1.97 each, enlarging its total units in circulation to 375.9 million.

Elsewhere, newly-listed CMMT is evaluating the viability of acquiring a nine-storey retail extension block adjoining the Gurney Plaza, valued at some RM215 million. The acquisition would add 135,000 square feet of net lettable area to CMMT’s existing portfolio.

CMMT owns three shopping malls — the Gurney Plaza in Penang, 205 strata parcels within Sungei Wang Plaza (which is about 61.9% of the mall’s retail floor area plus car park) and The Mines in Selangor — valued at a collective RM2.13 billion with net lettable area totalling almost 1.88 million square feet.

AmFIRST REIT too has proposed to acquire a retail lot in The Summit Subang USJ — with net lettable area of 37,372 square feet for RM6.8 million — and the FBSM Plaza for RM51.5 million.

The trust already owns the Summit Hotel, about 70% of the retail space in the mall and 12 out of 13 office floors — with net lettable area totalling nearly one million square feet. Its existing portfolio of six properties is valued at just over RM1 billion.

Quill: Trading below NAV
Quill Capita Trust is among the cheaper valued REITs, in terms of price to net asset value — currently trading at only 0.8 times its NAV of RM1.22 as at June 30, 2010.

Thus, the trust could offer investors potential capital gains, on top of steady yields. We estimate income distribution to total about 7.9 sen per unit for the current year, which would give investors a yield of 7.9% at the prevailing unit price.

The trust, which invests primarily in commercial properties, was listed back in January 2007. From the initial four Quill buildings in Cyberjaya, its portfolio has expanded to 10 properties worth over RM788 million.

Its properties are located in Cyberjaya, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor and Penang with net lettable area under management totalling more than 1.288 million square feet. As for future expansion, Quill is believed to be currently looking at two properties within the Klang Valley worth some RM400 million.

Note: This report is brought to you by Asia Analytica Sdn Bhd, a licensed investment adviser. Please exercise your own judgment or seek professional advice for your specific investment needs. We are not responsible for your investment decisions. Our shareholders, directors and employees may have positions in any of the stocks mentioned.

REIT vs direct real estate investment

INVESTING in real estate can be tricky.
For a start, those who intend to make a quick buck by “flipping” property within a few months will find that it is risky, especially in a property market less buoyant than in Hong Kong or Singapore.
The alternative is hard work, that is, managing residential properties (and absorbing all the hidden costs that come along with it) as long term investments, receiving rent and selling them off for a capital gain or profit.
Another factor that may deter investors from real estate is the difficulty in raising enough capital to purchase a particular property.
So, should you consider putting your money in a real estate investment trust (REIT) instead?
Granted, a REIT does not comprise residential property, but if it is profit you are interested in, it may be an option.
REITs originated in the United States in the 1960s, but it wasn’t until 2005 that Axis REIT became the first property trust to be listed on Bursa Malaysia.
In Malaysia, there are now 14 REITs to choose from on the Main Market, offering investors a choice to own stakes in commercial, industrial, plantation and office real estate.
Aside from being more liquid than investing in real estate, one of the reasons why REITs are more appealing than investing in actual real estate is because of its high yield.
Gross dividend yield in the FTSE Bursa Malaysia index is about 2.9%, while the average yield for a REIT in Malaysia is about 8%.
REITs yield higher returns because commercial real estate generates a huge amount of cash flow from rentals.
If one invests in real estate though, it may be hard to charge the most preferred rental rate, even if the property had been purchased for a hefty price, simply due to market forces.
As for REIT prices on the stock market, they generally tend to be “low risk” because their prices are sustained by the yield factor, hence the volatility element is reduced.
Even so, REITs are not immune to economic difficulties.
REITs such as AmFirst, Hektar, UOA and Axis hit their lowest point in the middle of the financial crisis in 2008 but have since recovered to their pre-crisis prices, if not better.
Part of their recovery, says an analyst, is due to good management, good investor relations and a proven track record when it comes to acquisitions.
Still, one critic of REITs says it is probably more worthwhile to purchase stocks of established companies if they want to play safe.
Advocates of the property trust point to the fact that REITs are a different investment class altogether, choosing to view them as an investment that bridges the gap between a fixed deposit and the stock market.
One drawback of REITs is their inability to benefit from capital gain, unlike real estate.
But with REITs, returns may be secured with less risk which make them a nice way to take advantage of the big booms in the real estate market.
Investors can do without taking on the risk of mortgage payments, unscrupulous tenants and rising tax rates.
However, less risk obviously comes with less reward.
Good capital appreciation is still the main factor driving demand for landed residential properties.
Since 2008, there has been an annual compounded growth rate of 10% for capital appreciation in residential hotspots such as Petaling Jaya, Taman Tun Dr. Ismail and Mont Kiara.
A home can go up in value ten-fold given the right market conditions, which would give one a hefty sum of money right into his or her pocket – this won’t happen with any REIT.
Ultimately, for someone who wants to have more control of their assets and is willing to improve their value, investing in residential real estate can be a good choice.
For someone looking for passive real estate investment, with the added benefits of portfolio diversification and liquidity, a REIT is a good option to consider.
Think of them as allowing investors to be exposed to the real estate market without having to fork out as much capital.
Alternatively, REITs could be purchased as part of a balanced portfolio, until one has enough capital to enter the real estate market.
By ANDREW LEE, The Star